How Do Pawn Shop Loans Work? What To Know Before You Borrow

Pawn shop loans let you use personal items as collateral to get cash — they're effectively secured loans.

You give the shop a valuable personal item, like an acoustic guitar or designer watch, in exchange for some quick cash. You'll keep the item if you repay the loan, along with fees and interest. If you don't, the pawn shop can keep and sell it.

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Here are some facts you should know:

• Pawn shops have high interest: Pawn shops usually charge around 20% to 25% in interest each month.

• Your item is at risk: If you can't repay the loan, the pawn shop will hang onto your item.

• There may be additional fees: Pawn shop loans are not free. There may also be storage, appraisal or redemption fees, ranging between $10 to $25.

Pawn shop loans are typically small and short-term. Per the National Pawnbrokers Association (NPA), the average pawn shop loan is $150 for about 30 days.

How Do Pawn Shop Loans Work?

While the process can vary slightly by shop and state, most pawn shop loans involve the following steps.

1. You bring in a valuable item and offer it to the shop in exchange for a small, short-term loan.

2. The pawn shop appraises this item usually for an upfront fee. The appraisal determines how much the item is worth — and how much the shop will lend you. Expect those amounts to differ. "Usually, you are getting much less than the value of the goods you have as collateral because the pawn shop needs to make a profit," said Hugh Steven Morris, Chartered Retirement Planning Counselor (CRPC) and president at The Morris Group.

3. The pawn shop makes an offer. Loan amounts generally run between 25% to 60% of the item's resale value. You can negotiate this offer.

4. You get your cash and a pawn ticket, which is effectively your loan contract. It outlines the borrowed amount, its due date, interest rate, and any extra fees that apply.

5. The pawn shop retains your item. You'll have a set time to repay before they can sell it. Most pawn shop loans are short-term and due within 30 to 90 days.

6. You repay the loan, plus fees and interest, to retrieve your item. If you can't repay it, the pawn shop will keep the item, though some offer renewals or extensions.

Pawn Shop Loan Example

Say you bring a gold ring to a pawn shop for a loan. The shop appraises the item, charging an upfront $20 fee, and offers to lend you $200 at a 25% interest rate, due in 30 days. The loan also carries a $10 storage fee and a $15 redemption fee.

When you return to the shop to retrieve the ring at the end of the month, you'll owe $275 but will have paid $295 over the life of the loan.

• Appraisal fee: $20

• Amount borrowed: $200

• Interest owed: $50

• Storage fee: $10

• Redemption fee: $15

• Total cost: $295

Keep in mind that pawn shop loans typically express interest as a monthly or daily percentage as opposed to traditional lenders who use annual percentage rates (APRs). Comparing apples-to-apples, pawn shop rates are quite high, representing APRs of 200% or more.

Pawn Shop Loan Requirements

Pawn shop loans don't have stringent requirements, like proof of employment or a credit check. However, they generally require the following:

• Government-issued photo ID, like a passport or driver's license

• An item accepted as collateral

• Proof of ownership, like a receipt or bill of sale

You also must be 18 or older to borrow money from a pawn shop.

What Items Can You Pawn?

You can pawn the following items at your local pawn shop.

• Jewelry, like gold watches or diamond rings

• Musical instruments, like brand-name guitars and drum sets

• Collectibles, like rare books or sports memorabilia

• Smart devices, like phones and televisions

• Electronics, like power tools and video game consoles

• Designer goods, like shoes or luxury handbags

Pros and Cons of Pawn Shop Loans

Pros:

• No credit check

• No proof of employment or in-depth loan application

• Fast cash, usually same-day

• No impact on your credit score

Cons:

• High interest rates

• Extra fees

• Short repayment windows

• You can lose the item if you can't repay

• No opportunity to build credit

Pawn Loans vs. Selling at a Pawn Shop

You can also sell items upfront to a pawn shop to get some cash. Here are some key differences between pawn shop loans and pawn shop sales.

What Happens if You Can't Repay the Loan?

If you can't repay a pawn shop loan, the shop retains the item. However, some shops offer loan extensions or renewals. Extensions give you more time to repay the original loan. Renewals are a new loan on the same item. Both options usually involve paying accrued interest and additional fees.

The upside is that unpaid pawn shop loans won't damage your credit score. Pawn shop owners don't report to the credit bureaus, and, even if they did, your loan is collateralized, meaning the item satisfies the debt to the lender.

Who Should — and Shouldn't — Consider a Pawn Shop Loan

Pawn shop loans aren't ideal for everyone or in every situation. Here's who might want to opt for this type of financing vs. who should look elsewhere.

Good for:

• People with valuables who need fast cash

• Borrowers who don't want or can't pass a credit check

• Those who can repay the loan quickly

• Anyone OK with risking a personal item

Not ideal for:

• People without valuable items to pawn

• Borrowers trying to build or repair credit

• Those who may struggle to repay within a few weeks

• Anyone looking for a large loan amount

"I would consider [a pawn shop loan] if I just needed a bridge loan to pay a bill or make a car repair," Morris said. "If one doesn't have the best repayment history this might be a good option. However, if one has other means by which to borrow money, that is what I would do. The cost is going to be much lower."

Alternatives to Pawn Shop Loans

Consider these alternatives if a pawn shop loan isn't right for you.

Personal Loans

Personal loans offer more flexibility than pawn shop loans, with terms typically lasting between one to seven years. They also tend to carry fewer fees and lower interest rates. Plus, you can build credit by repaying a personal loan as agreed. You should also look at different kind of lenders. Peer-to-peer lenders have different credit requirements than banks.

Borrowing from Friends or Family

A loved one might be willing to extend you a short-term, small-dollar loan without charging fees or interest. If you borrow money from a friend or family member, keep in mind that there are pros and cons. Set some ground rules and make sure a deadline is set in stone.

Credit Card Cash Advances

Credit card cash advances don't require collateral, but they are expensive. They often charge 3% to 5% transaction fees on top of 29.99% APRs. Still, they're an option if you need emergency cash and a more flexible payment window.

Side Gig Revenue

Pawn shop loans are for small-dollar amounts, meaning a top side gig, like selling used items online or doing some handy work, could generate the funds you need without necessitating fees or interest.

FAQs

How much can I get for a pawn loan?

Pawn loan amounts vary depending on the item you offer as collateral, though they can range from a few hundred to a few thousand dollars. The average pawn shop loan is $150, according to the NPA.

Do pawn shops check your credit?

Pawn shops don't check your credit when you ask for a loan, as these loans are secured by a personal item the shop obtains if you fail to repay.

Are pawn shop loans safe?

Pawn shop loans are generally considered safer among nontraditional financing options, like payday loans, title loans or cash advances, given pawn shop loans don't affect your credit and, in worst-case scenarios, the shop keeps your item and considers the debt repaid. However, pawn shops charge higher interest rates and more fees than traditional financial institutions.

Sources:

• NPA. "What is a pawn transaction?"

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