The Tax Cost of Cashing Out PTO Before Retirement, According to a CPA
It can be a tempting proposition: Cash out your paid time off (PTO) as you approach retirement. But if you’re not careful, that financial move can have unintended consequences that cost you a great deal of money and frustration.
According to Chad Cummings, attorney and certified public accountant (CPA) at Cummings & Cummings Law, a large PTO cash-out can turn an otherwise ordinary retirement year into a tax problem. In fact, he’s working on one of these cases right now.
Keep Learning: If You Underpay Your Taxes, Here's How the IRS Will Penalize You
Be Savvy: 9 Subtly Genius Things All Wealthy People Do With Their Money — That You Should Do, Too
“Here is the correct mindset employees should have: I would treat accrued PTO as deferred wages, not found money,” Cummings said. “A $60,000 payout stacks on top of salary, bonus income, investment income and retirement distributions for that calendar year. Remember, that's taxable income, not a tax-free windfall.”
Below MoneyLion explores the tax cost of cashing out PTO before retirement, including the impact on your tax bracket, retirement contributions and, ultimately, how much you'll actually be pocketing.
Think About the Impacts of Payroll Withholding
Per Cummings, certified financial planner (CFP), payroll withholding offsets this somewhat but can create a dangerous false sense of security.
“Employers may withhold supplemental wages at a flat federal rate, but that withholding does not cap the employee's actual tax liability,” he explained. “Someone already in a higher marginal bracket can owe thousands more at filing, not to mention penalties and interest for underwithholding. Whenever cashing out PTO, the wage earner should sit down with his or her CPA and make a determination if an additional tax payment should be made to the IRS and/or state taxing authorities.”
Remember, Cummings noted, PTO generally remains subject to Social Security and Medicare payroll taxes. For someone approaching Medicare, a large income spike can also increase future Income-Related Monthly Adjustment Amount (IRMAA) premiums because Medicare looks back two tax years, he added.
Consider Your Timing
“Timing matters, of course,” Cummings said. “A retiree who intends to perform Roth conversions, realize capital gains or implement gifting to heirs can lose much of the expected benefit when a six-figure PTO payment unexpectedly increases adjusted gross income.”
Jacob Bayer, certified financial planner (CFP) and founder of Jacob Bayer Wealth Management, said to watch the interaction with a retirement-year Roth conversion.
“Clients often plan a conversion for the year they retire,” Bayer added. “A PTO payout in that same year eats the bracket space the conversion was going to use. Sequence the two rather than let them collide.”
Whenever Cummings has a client anticipating a PTO cash-out, he said they sit down and model the payout months (and sometimes years, if the employer allows PTO rollover) before the retirement date.
“Once the employer issues the money in the wrong tax year, most planning options disappear and we are in ‘clean up’ mode, which is always more expensive and time consuming,” he added.
Ultimately, Look Beyond the Paycheck
“The biggest mistake is focusing on the gross PTO payout instead of what you’ll actually keep,” said Christopher Stroup, CFP, founder and president of Silicon Beach Financial. “A large cash-out can increase taxable income and potentially affect other parts of your financial plan. Before electing a payout, look at your projected income, retirement contributions, deductions and tax bracket for the year.”
This article was provided by MoneyLion.com for informational purposes only and should not be construed as financial, legal or tax advice.
More From MoneyLion: